Literature review : Cinnamon and diabetes
Diabetes affects about 422 million people globally, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries, and diabetes is directly responsible for 1.6 million deaths per year. Over the last five decades, both the number of cases and the incidence of diabetes have slowly increased (WHO,Jun,2020).
Diabetes patients' gross health-care expenses account for 12 percent of total health-care spending. This expense has a significant economic impact on low and middle-income economies. Diabetes is an illness that puts you at risk for a variety of life-threatening complications, including cardiovascular and organ failure. 85 percent of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, and b-cell deficiency contributing to b-cell loss. Actually, pharmacological intervention is used to correct or modify the conditions listed above.
Currently, 82 percent of diabetic patients in the United States are on oral glycemic control or insulin, while 18 percent are not on any drugs [2]. According to research on different facets of treatment and patient adherence, patients are usually not very adherent to using drugs, resulting in impaired glycemic control and long-term complications. Hypoglycemia and a complicated medication regimen are two of the causes of such action. Inadequate knowledge of the illness and societal beliefs
Over the past decade, the worldwide use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes has steadily expanded. It is estimated that up to 72.8 percent of diabetics used herbal medicine. Furthermore, a significant number of herbal plants are thought to have anti-diabetic effects and have been used to regulate diabetes. .
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Cinnamon is a medicinal universal herb that is used on a regular basis by people all over the world, and it has the potential to reduce the development of diabetes and its problems. It also has few apparent side effects. The latest mini reviews demonstrate cinnamon's excellent ability to regulate diabetes by increasing insulin release and insulin receptor signaling. It also describes areas for potential study into the pathological pathways that cause diabetes.
Recent studies on these different outlets has shown that they can help with overall glycemic regulation, lipid metabolism, and capillary activity.
The genus Cinnamon comprises 300 species, four of which are used to produce "cinnamon more info spice." The most common are (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Cinnamon has many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects, blood glucose regulation, lowering the risk of heart disease, and lowering the risk of cancer.
Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamate, cinnamic acid, and a variety of essential oils are the primary constituents of cinnamon. They both add to the odor as well as the many biological processes associated with cinnamon. It also has procyanidins, tannins, mucilage, and a residue of coumarin.
Cinnamaldehyde (trans-cinnamaldehyde) is the most essential ingredient of cinnamon bark oil. The main ingredient of leaf oil, though, is eugenol.
Cinnamon plays an active function as a spice, but its essential oils and other ingredients also have important antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties.
It is also an anti-inflammatory, anti-termitic, insecticidal, antimycotic, and anticancer agent.
Cinnamon's value as a potentially useful cure for diabetes was developed nearly 20 years ago. The aim of this mini analysis is to provide a quick description of cinnamon's anti-diabetic behavior.
Cinnamon as an Anti-diabetic Agent :
According to the findings of the report, cinnamon supplementation (500 mg capsules twice daily) will improve the anthropometric considerations, glycemic indices, and lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients. These advantages are significantly more pronounced in patients with a higher BMI (BMI >27).
The administration of 1 g of cinnamon powder for 12 weeks reduces fasting blood glucose level and glycosylated Hb in unregulated type 2 diabetes patients, as well as raises serum glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels, but decreases serum level of malondialdehyde, suggesting the positive role of adjuvant cinnamon as anti-diabetic and antioxidant alone.
Furthermore, after 6 weeks of administration, serum insulin levels and HDL–cholesterol levels were significantly higher, whereas intestinal glycosidase production was significantly lower. These findings indicate that cinnamon extract has a role in regulating blood glucose levels, and it may even have a blood glucose lowering effect through increasing insulin sensitivity or through decreasing carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.
Researchers studied the effectiveness of cinnamon cassia 250 mg given twice a day to type 2 diabetes patients. Fasting blood glucose levels were shown to be slightly lower after two months.
Furthermore, cinnamon was found to have hypoglycemic function in poorly regulated type 2 diabetic patients. For three months, the participants were given 0.5 g of crude cinnamon 15 minutes after each meal, for a total of 1.5 g daily. They discovered that HbA1c decreased from 9.54 + 0.96 prior to treatment to 8.22 + 0.65 after treatment.
Conclusion :
Cinnamon has long been used as a natural herbal medicine in a variety of cultures around the world. Based on the results of different trials, it is possible to infer that taking cinnamon extracts orally has a beneficial impact on blood glucose levels. However, further research is needed to determine the precise medicinal and pharmacological effects on the human body, as well as its protection.
- Cinnamon has the ability to lower or lower the glucose level in blood in people with type 2 diabetes.
- It cannot reduce blood glucose levels in serum in patients with type 1 diabetes. - It cannot cure type 2 diabetes entirely.
References:
1.)Anti-diabetic Effect of Cinnamon,Mohamed Nifraz, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321490794
2.) Effects of Cinnamon on Diabetes, Yusra Hussain, Munawar Ali, Faizan Ghani, Muhammad Imran, Aamira Hashmi, Wajahat Hussain, Muhammad Hashim Raza, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329672575